5W2H are questions whose answers are considered basic in information gathering or problem solving.
6 Thinking Hats and the associated idea of parallel thinking provide a means for groups to plan thinking processes in a detailed and cohesive way, and in doing so to think together more effectively.
A first principle is a basic proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption.
SCAMPER is an acronym that provides a structured way of thinking out of the box and enhancing knowledge.